Permethrin flea and tick products for dogs are safe for dogs, if you follow the instructions on the label and packaging carefully. Ingestion of tremorgenic mycotoxins formed in spoiled food can cause an acute tremor syndrome, the severity of which can range from mild to life-threatening. It’s less dangerous to your pet, and less expensive for you to treat early. CASE REPORT. The diagnosis of pyrethroid toxicosis is mainly based on the history,the clinical signs and evaluation of differential diagnoses. It is suspected that cats may be more likely to develop permethrin toxicity because they have different liver metabolic pathways to other species — in particular, they have a deficiency in the enzyme hepatic glucuronosyl transferase. The Western Journal of Medicine. **Pet Poison Helpline, is an animal poison control service available 24 hours, 7 days a week for pet owners and veterinary professionals who require assistance treating a potentially poisoned pet. If your veterinarian has a chance to provide prompt, early treatment, the prognosis is generally good if the dog does not develop further complications secondary to neurological signs. Fish are so sensitive that they may die from even the smallest exposure, so be sure to cover aquarium tanks (with something non-porous like plastic wrap) or remove the tanks from an area you’ll be treating with a product containing a pyrethrin or pyrethroid (e.g., foggers, sprays, etc.). This is further complicated by the fact that canine marketed permethrin products typically contain 45-60% permethrin … The trans isomer metabolism is dominated by hydrolysis (and excreted more rapidly) whereas the cis isomers are less easily hydrolysed and more toxic, so a slower rate of hydrolysis in cats compared to other species is a possibility. Left untreated, permethrin poisoning is usually fatal. Likewise, if you apply a topical flea and tick preventative or treatment onto your dog, do not allow him to jump into a body of water where fish may be living (for instance, a koi pond or a neighboring creek) for at least 24-48 hours following application. Unfortunately, exposure to concentrated permethrin (as in some dog spot-ons) can result in serious illness and even death in cats. Cats are more sensitive to permethrin than dogs or people because it takes their bodies a long time to break it down. What are the symptoms of permethrin poisoning in cats? No compound-related gross or microscopic pathological changes were observed in the dogs, rats, or guinea pigs as a result of permethrin inhalation (Metker, 1978). Toxicity related to pyrethrins is usually associated with applying much more of the product than directed. Evaluation of Permethrin and Indoxacarb in Dogs Topically Exposed .... toxicity and safety of Activyl® in dogs, as well as assessed the potential. Very low levels of permethrin in the diet of chickens (0.1 ppm for 3 to 6 weeks after hatching) have been reported to suppress immune system activity. Permethrin toxicity in cats Overview Permethrin is a chemical used to treat fleas. Permethrin is used in some flea spot-on products made for dogs, and occasionally (in lower doses) in flea powders and collars for cats. but to our knowledge, pyrethrins or pyrethroid toxicity has not been reported yet in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 50(2):136-40. These signs can develop within 15 minutes to several hours after exposure. The use of pyrethrins/pyrethroids is very safe in dogs; however, cats and fish are very sensitive to pyrethrins/pyrethroids. This is r… If dogs are treated with a product containing permethrin, they should be kept away from cats for 72 hours. Permethrin did not have any adverse effect on reproductive function at a dose of 180mg/kg/day orally in a three-generation rat study. If you suspect your dog may have permethrin/pyrethrin toxicity, the most important part of home care is to bathe your dog in lukewarm water using mild dish soap. Cattle and other domestic animals are often poisoned by accidental exposure. In these dogs, ivermectin can pass directly to the brain and be toxic or even lethal. Cats are highly sensitive to permethrin and are more likely to develop signs of toxicity than dogs. Permethrin is metabolized (broken down by) the liver. Pyrethrin/pyrethroid toxicity in cats is most commonly the result of someone who, in an effort to save time or money, used a pyrethrin/pyrethroid-containing product intended for dogs on their cat(s). Very low levels of Pyrethroids are similar, but are synthetic rather than naturally based, and are longer lasting; these include allethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, fluvalinate, permethrin, phenothrin, tetramethrin, and etofenprox. Their priority will be to stabilise your pet before carrying out any diagnostic tests or procedures. Some of the reasons why cats develop permethrin poisoning is they are: Given preventative flea and tick treatments made for dogs; In close contact or groom a dog who recently was given a flea and tick prevention product; Given an overdose of cat flea and tick treatment ; What are the signs and symptoms of permethrin poisoning? No significant side-effects in dogs treated with veterinary medicines containing permethrin have been reported. The most common types of insecticide used to kill fleas are pyrethrins. He began displaying this one day after our bed bug exterminator came and sprayed the home with a chemical called Dragnet, which according to my research, has the main ingredient of Permethrin. Whether or not a pyrethrin or pyrethroid product is toxic depends on the animal species involved, as well as the concentration, synergists and carriers used in the product. Permethrin can be absorbed into the body from coming into contact with the skin, or by being ingested or swallowed. Once the dog is bathed, contact your veterinarian or local veterinary emergency facility immediately. Pulmonary function, clinical chemistry values, and blood-cell counts were normal. Cats have an immediate toxicity reaction to the standard dog doses and so should only ever be treated with “cat only” products. This is why it’s so important to get help immediately. ©Copyright 1999 - 2021. They have four legs, shed a lot and like to hog the bed, but otherwise cats are nothing like dogs. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 40:129-134. ), Excessive drooling (from licking the bitter product), Gagging or hacking (it seems that they have something stuck in their throat), Intense itchiness (often described as rolling around on their backs or trying to bite at their backs), Paresthesia (a local skin reaction that feels like a "pins and needles" sensation, similar to when a foot or arm falls asleep.). Permethrin is also toxic to fish and bees. Use the appropriate-sized product for the weight range for your dog. It’s safe to use on dogs but is extremely poisonous for cats. This product in topical form spreads over the body with the body oils, collecting in the hair follicles. When in doubt, bring your dog to the veterinarian for a free “weigh-in!”. However, it does pose a threat to cats and aquatic animals, including fish. Application or administration of excessive amount of insecticide. All Rights Reserved, Bathing in a mild dish soap with lukewarm water to remove additional flea product for the dog’s skin and reduce the amount absorbed. Although skin and hair tests can be done to confirm the presence of insecticide, those results may take several days. In addition, your veterinarian’s team carefully monitors the dog’s temperature for an elevated or lowered reading. Permethrin based topical flea products are usually labeled “for use in dogs only.” There is a wide safety margin for permethrins in dogs. It’s safe to use on dogs but is extremely poisonous for cats. Contributors: Updated, Ahna Brutlag, DVM, MS, DABT, DABVT, Associate Director of Veterinary Services, Pet Poison HelplineDr. Do not use flea shampoo. The ticks from this location had a treatment history of both permethrin and fipronil topical spot-on treatments; however, the owners reported inconsistent use of these products. Comment on Vet Rec. Accidental oral administration of a canine spot-on preparation. More rarely, dogs that are hypersensitive to pyrethrins/pyrethroids, or ingest a large or concentrated amount, can develop more severe symptoms such as tremors, twitching, shaking, difficulty breathing, incoordination or difficulty standing or walking, weakness, seizures, and rarely, death. Flea products with Permethrin should only be applied to dogs. fly spray, garden insect sprays, cockroach spray, ant powder, mosquito coils) and many flea and tick spot-on products for dogs. Treatment involves eliminating any existing product from the body and controlling seizures and muscle tremors. With any poisoning, rapid diagnosis and treatment is imperative! There is no antidote for pyrethrin or pyrethroid toxicity. because permethrin (a pyrethroid) is highly toxic to cats and is found in many insecticide and pest control products (e.g. Common symptoms of permethrin poisoning include drooling, acting strangely, twitching and fitting. You must be especially careful if you also have a cat in your home. Pyrethrin insecticides are naturally derived from the chrysanthemum (“mum”) flower, and pyrethroids are the synthetic versions. Whether or not a pyrethrin or pyrethroid product is toxic depends on the animal species involved, as well as the concentration, synergists and carriers used in the product. Pyrethrin and Pyrethroid Toxicity in Dogs Pyrethrins are derived from the Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium plant, and from pyrethrum-related plant species. If the symptoms are severe, your veterinarian will not wait to confirm the diagnosis before beginning treatment. The use of pyrethrins/pyrethroids is very safe in dogs; however, cats and fish are very sensitive to pyrethrins/pyrethroids. It penetrates insect shells and paralyzes their nervous systems. Products with permethrin commonly contain This is why we strongly recommend using the pre-mixed ready-to-spray products offered by Sawyer. Fortunately, many products are available to reduce the flea population within our homes and on our dogs. Fleas, ticks, mosquitoes, and other insects can harm your dog’s health. Overdosing can cause serious health problems for your dog. If the dog develops neurological signs that are uncontrolled or develops clotting problems or kidney failure secondary to severe seizures or hyperthermia, the prognosis is typically poor. Why can permethrin be used in products for dogs but not for cats? Read/Download File Report Abuse. Permethrins, the synthetic insecticide, has a much greater potential for resulting in toxicity. Permethrin is common in flea and tick control purchased at grocery stores and big-box stores. Permethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide that is similar to the natural insecticide, pyrethrum. Permethrin can kill a broad range of pests, such as fleas, ticks, cockroaches, flies, and mosquitoes. Until recently the Permethrin is known to act on the nervous system of parasites like fleas and cause paralysis. Permethrin based topical flea products are usually labeled “for use in dogs only.” There is a wide safety margin for permethrins in dogs. Toxicity is also reported in dogs. Use on cats of a permethrin-containing product formulated for dogs. Rats fed 150 mg/kg/day for 6 months showed a slight increase in liver weights. Currently, over 15 brands of permethrin spot-on products are labeled for "use in dogs only." This is because insects can't break it down as quickly as people and dogs. Over the years there has been increasing controversy about the use of permethrin in pet products. The minimum toxic dose in cattle and sheep is 4.5 mg/kg, becoming lethal at 18 and 9 mg/kg, respectively. Never use a product on a pet that’s not intended to be used on animals! Do not use part of a larger size, or more than one smaller size flea and tick preventative, as this may result in a poisoning. No. Because of its popularity, Hartz flea and tick control products are often involved with feline permethrin toxicity. Avoid hot water since that will dilate blood vessels in the skin and increase the absorption of the flea product. If clinical signs/symptoms have developed, treatment will be based on the symptoms and route of exposure (skin, ingested, etc.). Dogs do not have a reaction to the PERMETHRIN unless severely overdosed over a period of time. There are several commercial products that contain permethrin in combination with certain insect growth inhibitors. Rats fed 150 mg/kg/day for 6 months showed a slight increase in liver weights. Permethrin toxicity in cats. It’s good information to have should your dog need to see a vet. The inclusion of piperonyl butoxide in the formulation potentiates the toxicity in cats. Your vet will assess your dog’s condition before deciding on a treatment path. If you suspect that your dog is having a severe reaction to a pyrethrin or pyrethroid, please bring your dog to your regular or emergency veterinarian immediately. Permethrin is generally used as an insecticide and is found in some flea spot-on products made for dogs, however, for cats, exposure to concentrated permethrin can result in serious illness and death. (MacDonald, 1995) Permethrin toxicity usually occurs when the owner applies the dog spot-on product to the cat; however, cats which actively groom or engage in close physical contact with recently treated dogs may also be at risk of toxic exposure. Permethrin has low toxicity to humans and most mammals at levels used to control pests. In all cases with the development of neurological signs (e.g., twitching, tremors, seizures), your dog will require hospitalization for typically 48 - 72 hours for monitoring and any supportive care that may be needed as symptoms can seem to resolve but then reoccur. Cats are highly sensitive to The use of permethrin in eradicating a flea or tick infestation can produce side effects in dogs. Dogs are commonly poisoned with malicious intent by tainting food. Pesticide-grade permethrin is toxic to cats. Learn more. Be cautious about the number of different flea/tick products used on your dog. Chronic Toxicity: Animals. A wide range of flea treatments for dogs contain permethrin, and these are often inexpensive, over-the-counter preparations, provided without veterinary advice. safety-evaluation-of-permethrin-and-indoxacarb-in-dogs-topically-exposed-to-activyl-tick-plus-2157-7579.1000218.pdf. Since some fertilizers also contain these products, dogs should be kept off the lawn to prevent accidental ingestion. Store all pyrethrin or pyrethroid products safely and out of reach of your pets. Permethrin toxicity isn’t the same for dogs and cats, which is why you’ll find flea collars or spot-on flea treatment for dogs containing permethrin in pet stores. Even a small drop of permethrin can kill pet fish. Additional recommendations for treatment may include: If you suspect your dog may have permethrin/pyrethrin toxicity, the most important part of home care is to bathe your dog in lukewarm water using mild dish soap. The best way to prevent toxicity to flea products is to read the labels and follow the directions. Frequently Asked Questions about Permethrin What is permethrin? cats are more likely to develop permethrin toxicosis than dogs, as the feline liver is deficient in the glucuronide transferase enzyme. Higher concentrations can be safely used on dogs; however, cats are very sensitive to these chemicals and cannot metabolize these drugs well as dogs.  This type of product generally lasts for about 30 days. The use of pyrethrins/pyrethroids is very safe in dogs; however, cats and fish are very sensitive to pyrethrins/pyrethroids. The severity of permethrin toxicity varies with each individual. However cats that actively groom on or engage in close physical contact with recently treated dogs may also be at risk of toxicity. Permethrin is highly toxic to cats, it affects their nervous system, first causing it to become over sensitive (twitching/seizures) and then causing paralysis. Even if the concentration of insecticide may be low, the carriers in such products may be harmful to animals. Dogs fed daily doses of permethrin at 0, 5, 50 or 500 mg/kg body weight per day for at least 96 days showed transient signs of permethrin toxicosis at the highest dose used, including tremors. If you have any concerns about a product, contact your vet for advice. The most popular products include those supplied in small tubes that are applied to the back of the dog. Additional treatment is probably required. Topical flea and tick spot-on medications often contain high concentrations of pyrethrin/pyrethrins, but these are commonly used on dogs without serious problems. Overdosing can cause toxic signs in both dogs and cats. Permethrin has been FDA-approved for use on dogs and is available over the counter. Permethrin is a synthetic insecticide also known as a pyrethroid class insecticide that’s used to kill and control flea infections in dogs. Many cats die after being given flea treatments intended for dogs, or by contact with dogs having recently been treated with permethrin. Permethrin is found in a number of different flea products for dogs, including spot-on treatments, shampoos, sprays and flea collars and is a common ingredient in household flea sprays and powders. Permethrin is toxic to cats; however, it has little effect on dogs. Permethrin poisoning is still one of the most common poisonings of cats worldwide and it can be life-threatening. "Fatal asthma in a child after use of an animal shampoo containing pyrethrin". These products contain high concentrations (45-65%) of permethrin insecticide and are becoming a very popular choice for flea and tick control for dogs. Additionally, certain dogs are genetically hypersensitive to the medication. When used in combination with drugs such as imidacloprid, the medication works effectively to kill both adult fleas and flea larvae. Pigs have been poisoned after drinking water contaminated by this compound. Keep your dog away from any areas (indoors and out) that have been treated with a pyrethrin or pyrethroid product until it has completely dried. residues of permethrin and pyriproxyfen in the blood and hair coat of six dogs treated topically with VetGuard Plus®. It is not safe for dogs treated with this product to swim in a pool or lake. Toxicity occurs as a result of an insufficient glucuronide conjugation of the permethrin by the feline liver, resulting in high levels of the permethrin. Permethrin affects the nervous system in insects, causing muscle spasms, paralysis and death. Swift recognition of the likely cause is required for accurate prognostication and rapid institution of appropriate therapy, which leads to co … Toxicity occurs as a result of an insufficient glucuronide conjugation of the permethrin by the feline liver, resulting in high levels of the permethrin. no inhalation toxicity. Between 4-5 mL of blood were collected in EDTA tubes via jugular venipuncture at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days after VetGuard Plus® application. Martin A, Campbell A. Toxicity can occur if a dog is given an excessive dose of the medication (10 to 20 times the recommended dose). October 15, 2013. Avoiding Pyrethrin and Pyrethroid Toxicity in Dogs. literature regarding permethrin toxicity in cats [7,12-26]. Pyrethroids are similar, but are synthetic rather than naturally based, and are longer lasting; these include allethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, fluvalinate, permethrin, phenothrin, tetramethrin, and etofenprox. However, cats are very sensitive to permethrin and even a therapeutic dose for a … Clarke DL, Lee JA, Murphy LA, Reineke EL. Pet Poison Helpline is not directly affiliated with LifeLearn. Dogs fed daily doses of permethrin at 0, 5, 50 or 500 mg/kg body weight per day for at least 96 days showed transient signs of permethrin toxicosis at the highest dose used, including tremors. Permethrin is more toxic to insects than it is to people and dogs. Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category B. Pyrethrum is found in chrysanthemums. It must be placed on the skin to be most effective, reaching its highest effectiveness within 3 to 7 days. Toxicity occurs when the concentrated dog product is applied to cats. Chronic toxicity: No adverse effects were observed in dogs fed permethrin at doses of 5 mg/kg/day for 90 days. Diagnosis of Pyrethrin and Pyrethroid Toxicity in Dogs. Symptoms are usually mild and short term, however any neurological side effect should be attended to by a veterinarian. No antidote is available. If you’re not sure what you’re seeing, call your veterinarian or Pet Poison Helpline, an animal poison control based out of Minneapolis, MN, USA* (800-213-6680) immediately. Permethrin showed no evidence of mutagenic potential in a battery of in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicity studies. Pyrethrin and Permethrin Toxicity in Dogs and Cats; Wagner, S. L. (2000). This is further complicated by the fact that canine marketed permethrin products typically contain 45-60% permethrin while safe feline marketed products contain less than 0.1%. Please don’t give medications designed for canines to your cat and that includes pest prevention products. A 17-month-old intact male King Charles cavalier weighing Your veterinarian will make a presumptive diagnosis if there’s a known or possible history of exposure to a product containing a pyrethrin or pyrethroid, coupled with symptoms described above. Genetic hypersusceptibility to pyrethrins/pyrethroids. ©Copyright VCA Hospitals all rights reserved. However, quick and effective treatment with decontamination (e.g., bathing with liquid dish soap), anti-seizure drugs, muscle relaxants (e.g., methocarbamol), temperature monitoring, blood work (e.g., blood glucose) monitoring, and IV fluids are beneficial. Unfortunately, pyrethrins and pyrethroids (especially permethrin) are not species-specific in their toxicity, meaning they can also cause severe and significant problems in pets, especially cats (who lack the liver enzymes necessary to process these compounds as they are absorbed through the skin). In most cases, the team will monitor blood work as well, to make sure blood sugar and kidney function remain normal. The formulations of these products vary in concentration, synergists, and carriers depending on their intended use, which may include: Whether or not a pyrethrin or pyrethroid product is toxic depends on the animal species involved, as well as the concentration, synergists and carriers used in the product. Permethrin Uses for Dogs Permethrin is a man-made form of pyrethrin, which is a plant-derived insecticide. We’re committed to keeping clients and staff safe during COVID-19 with NEW admittance and check-out processes. The exterminator said to keep the dog away from … Dogs can also be exposed to lower concentrations when these products are used inside or outside the home (e.g., insect sprays). This means that people may accidentally use a dog product on their cat, or apply a dog flea product to a cat intentionally to avoid having to purchase multiple products, not realising the risk. Expect your veterinarian to recommend hospitalization with continuous intravenous fluids. Signs of flea product toxicity in dogs may include: The diagnosis of permethrin or pyrethrin toxicity is based on physical exam findings as well as a recent history of topical flea product application. Consequences will be much more severe sugar and kidney function remain normal the best way prevent! Becoming lethal at 18 and 9 mg/kg, respectively flower, and from pyrethrum-related plant species by calling.! For any product carefully before use by tainting food 6 hours toxic to cats ; Wagner, S. L. 2000... 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Deadly problems permethrin have been reported Poison Helpline is bathed, contact your veterinarian ’ s medication.. Insect sprays ) your fertilizer packaging to see a vet can be to! To several hours after exposure veterinary Services, pet Poison Helpline is available over the counter body,!