Gallic acid did not induce KDM2A-dependent anti-proliferation activity in non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. Apart from its phytochemical role, gallic acid is also used in tanning, ink dyes, and the manufacture of paper. Hematemesis, not due to inflammation,—Tannic Acid, gr. Gallic acids antioxidant activity could potentially work well against the high oxidative stress that skin cells come under frequently from actions of UV radiation-induced free radicals. α-Glucosidase can hydrolyze p NP-G to p NP, which has a maximum absorbance at 405 nm. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a type of widely distributed naturally occurring phenolic acid. Several studies in various cancer cell lines have confirmed the chemopreventive potential. This study was performed to investigate their activity against Candida albicans and their toxicity in the animal models Caenorhabditis elegans and zebrafish embryos. The measurement was carried out using p -nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside ( p NP-G) as the substrate. 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URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124095472124047, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123984562000803, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128138205000283, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128130063000064, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123739445001565, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128098530000146, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128137062000063, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123984562000864, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128039519000264, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123849472006838, Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease, 2014, Cancer, Immunology and Inflammation, and Infectious Disease, Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Vascular and Cardiac Disease, and Cancer, Anand A. Zanwar, ... Subhash L. Bodhankar, in, Antiinflammatory Properties of Schinus terebinthifolius and Its Use in Arthritic Conditions, Elaine Cruz Rosas, ... Maria das Graças Henriques, in, Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Arthritis and Related Inflammatory Diseases (Second Edition), Clerodendrum volubile: Phenolics and Applications to Health, Ochuko L. Erukainure, ... Md. Antibiotic drug resistance is increasing. Ochuko L. Erukainure, ... Md. Enzyme studies with extracts from oak leaves have shown that gallic acid is converted to β-glucogallin, which, in turn, is converted via a series of position-specific galloylation steps to penta-O-galloyl-glucose (β-PGG). Gallic acid with the lowest hydrophobicity (log P=-0.28) was found to be the most active antiradical agent (IC50=29.5 μM), followed by methyl gallate (IC50=38.0 μM, log P=-0.23) and α-tocopherol (IC50=105.3 μM, log P=0.70). In the final part of the study, we further characterized the anti-inflammatory properties of gallic acid. Rokem, in Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition), 2009. Flavonoids and polyphenols are heterocyclic molecules that have been associated with beneficial effects on human health, such as reducing the risk of various diseases like cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and brain diseases. Renata Nowak, ... Natalia Nowacka, in Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease, 2014. Hydrolyzable tannins break down on hydrolysis to give gallic acid and glucose or ellagic acid and glucose, known as gallotannins and ellagitannins, respectively. The dodecyl gallate was the most effective. Gallic acid is produced chemically by the hydrolysis of tannic acid by sulfuric acid at 110–120 °C. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. Antidiabetic potential of gallic acid from Emblica officinalis: Improved glucose transporters and insulin sensitivity through PPAR-γ and Akt signaling. Moreover, gallic acid inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteolytic activity with very similar potency. Muntingia Calabura Gallic acid h as been reported t o exert both pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities [13]. Gallic acid is used a remote astringent in cases of internal haemorrhage. These results suggest that the mechanism of KDM2A activation by gallic acid may be applicable to the treatment of breast cancers. The antihyperlipidemic action of gallic acid in high-fat diet induced mice revealed a decrease in triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and an increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Showing all foods in which the polyphenol Gallic acid is found Food Composition. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. Intriguingly, the anticolitis effect was attributed to the suppression of colonic NF-kB and STAT3 activation.54,96 Here is the structure of gallic acid. The diverse range of applications of this simple polyphenol is due to a fine amalgam between its antioxidant and prooxidant potential. Gallic acid is a hydroxybenzoic acid occurring mostly in certain red fruits, black radish, and onions. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 46 . Chromatography; Chromatography after hydrolysis; Display Options . Figure 5 illustrates the biosynthetic pathway of hydrolyzable tannins. This study aimed to conjugate and characterize AuNP–GA and to evaluate the antibacterial activity. [citation needed] The chemical formula of gallic acid is C 6 H 2 3 COOH.It is found both free and as part of hydrolyzable tannins.The gallic acid groups are usually bonded to form dimers such as ellagic acid. An evaluation of the anti-cancer activity in HeLa cancer cells indicated that both peptides are active, but that coupling gallic acid at the N-terminus decreased the activity of the free peptide. Moreover, the HHDP motif can go through additional oxidation transformation leading to the DHHDP unit that featured hydrolyzable tannins classified as Okuda's type III (i.e., dehydroellagitannin) such as geraniin. PCA has structural similarity with gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid which are well-known antioxidant compounds. Molehin et al. in silico Gallic acid has been reported to induce apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells and inhibit ribonucleotide reductase and cyclooxygenases (COXs) in vitro in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells.145,146 Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the preventive effect of gallic acid on dimethyl hydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rat models.147 Moreover, the antiproliferative effect of gallic acid on human pancreatic cancer cell lines has been examined. Gallic acid is biosynthesized from 3-dehydroshikimate in a reaction catalyzed by shikimate dehydrogenase to give 3,5-didehydroshikimate, which then undergoes tautomerization to form gallate [50,51]. Gallic acid is a naturally occurring phenolic acid found in a variety of foods and herbs that are well known as powerful antioxidants. Gallic acid acts as a antioxidant and helps to protect our cells against oxidative damage. Choi HJ, Song HJ, Park KS, Baek SH (2010) In vitro anti‐enterovirus 71 activity of gallic acid from Woodfordia fruticosa flowers. Using the free and the immobilized filamentous fungi R. oryzae and Aspergillus foetidus, solid-state or submerged fermentation processes for the production of tannase (an inducible extracellular tannin acyl hydrolase) and the hydrolysis of tannic acid extracted from tara powder (a low-priced raw material), or tannin-rich substrates, were developed. Critical kinetic parameters and rate constants representing lipid peroxidation as affected by temperature. The intramolecular coupling leading to the formation of HHDP biaryl unit is the characteristic structural motif that defines ellagitannins since during acidic hydrolysis, it will lead to the formation of ellagic acid. Learn more. Antioxidant activity and inhibitory mechanism of γ-oryzanol as influenced by the unsaturation degree of lipid systems. Biological evaluation of gallic acid and quercetin derived from Author information: (1)Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini st., P. B. GA-Hecate showed lower activity in non-tumor keratinocyte cells but higher hemolytic activity. Besides the extensive application in the food and pharmaceutical industries, there are diverse scientific reporters on biological and pharmacological activities of GA (Akbari, ( 2020 ); Kahkeshani et al., 2019 ). When heated with concentrated sulfuric acid, gallic acid converts to rufigallol. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Ukrainian Iris Species: A Fresh Look on Their Antioxidant Content and Biological Activities. These findings reveal the role of gallic acid in E. officinalis mediated antidiabetic potential, and delineate the upregulation of pAkt, PPAR-γ and Glut4 in gallic acid mediated antidiabetic activity, thus providing potential therapy for diabetes and related disorders. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer.It is a conjugate acid of a gallate. Gallic acid is a phenolic compound also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. Antifungal, Antitumoral and Antioxidant Potential of the Danube Delta Nymphaea alba Extracts, European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. There are various types of liver damages ranging from inflammation (hepatitis) to chronic liver disease as a tumor process. Antioxidant activity of extracts from the wood and bark of Port Orford cedar Abstract Heartwood, sapwood, and inner and outer bark of Port Orford cedar were extracted with methanol, and the extracts evaluated for antioxidant activity. Update Reset. Gallic acid derivatives have also been found in a number of phytomedicines with diverse biological and pharmacological activities, including radical scavenging, interfering with the cell signaling pathways and apoptosis of cancer cells. Due to its poor lipophilic property, the application of gallic acid in functional food and medicine is restricted. Farag MA(1)(2), Al-Mahdy DA(3), Salah El Dine R(3), Fahmy S(3), Yassin A(4), Porzel A(5), Brandt W(3). Shahidul Islam, in, Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease (Second Edition), Organic and Fatty Acid Production, Microbial, Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition), Methyl Gallate as an Antioxidant and Anti-HIV Agent, Gallic Acid as a Putative Antioxidant in Usage Against Liver Disease, Mayela Govea-Salas, ... Jesus Morlett-Chávez, in, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology. On the other way, β-PGG can evolve through intra- and intermolecular phenolic coupling processes leading to the formation of covalent bond such as C–C biaryl and C–O diaryl ether bonds between two spatially adjacent galloyl groups. In all, 14 compounds such as gallic acid and luteolin in S20b were analysed by UFLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS. Gallic acid is a type of phenolic acid which is found in tea leaves and some fruits. Gallic acid and its derivatives are present in nearly every part of the plant, such as bark, wood, leaf, fruit, root, and seed.95 Gallic acid has been shown to effectively suppress DSS-induced colitis in mice. Phenolic Acids of Plant Origin—A Review on Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro (O/W Emulsion Systems) Along with Their in Vivo Health Biochemical Properties. It is typically used in Chinese herbal medicine. The anti-peroxide activity in the bulk oil system decreased in the order of methyl gallate>gallic acid>α-tocopherol. 95 Gallic acid has been shown to effectively suppress DSS-induced colitis in mice. It has a role as an astringent, a cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an antioxidant, an antineoplastic agent, a human xenobiotic metabolite, an EC 1.13.11.33 ( arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer. Gallic acid is the most popular of trihydroxybenzoic acids. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to find out the effect of altitude on gallic acid content in fruits of P. emblica and its correlation with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Gallic acid has been found to induce apoptosis of cancer cells via the mitochondria-mediated pathways and to show selective toxicity for cancer cells without harming normal cells.148 Gallic acid has also been reported to exhibit anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activities in various cancer cells. 26.1). Gallic acid (also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a trihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. The present review summarizes the anticancer activity of GA and its derivatives. Gallic acid was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1786. Practical Applications: The present study clarifies the role of the carboxyl group in gallic acid antioxidant activity, antioxidant activity as a function of the free radical chain mechanism as well as interfacial phenomena, critical concentration of reverse lipid hydroperoxide micelles as affected by the antioxidant activity, and the effect of the degree of lipid unsaturation on the antioxidant activity of gallic acid and pyrogallol. Also, cardioprotective action in isoprenaline induced cardiotoxicity and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats revealed a protective effect of gallic acid with respect to several biochemical and histopathological parameters. Shahidul Islam, in Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease (Second Edition), 2018. Several studies have shown thta gallic acid has neuroprotective and anti-oxidant properties and can be a promising candidate for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, fatty liver disease and many others. Carbohydrate Polymers 84: 690-693. Upon heating, gallic acid is converted to pyrogallol or 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, which are used in laboratories for absorbing oxygen, and in the production of azo dyes and photographic developers. Ellagic acid is a dimeric derivative of gallic acid occurring mostly in fruits and berries such as raspberries, strawberries, blackberries and pomegranates. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. Gallic acid (GA), one of the most abundant phenolic acids in the plant kingdom, has been shown potential chemotherapeutic efficacy against microbial and cancer. Units. It has been shown to exhibit numerous biological and pharmacological properties, including antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor activities in numerous human cancer cell lines. The previous studies show that the anticancer activity of GA is related to the induction of apoptosis through different mechanisms like generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulation of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, suppression and promotion of oncogenes, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cell cycle arrest depending upon the type of cancer investigated. It is found both as a free state and as a constituent of tannins, namely, gallotannin. Fitzpatrick, T. Woldemariam, in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, 2017. The antihyperglycemic, antilipid peroxidative, and antioxidant effects could be the probable mechanism of action responsible for cardioprotective activity of gallic acid. 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