Answer: The Holy Spirit is known by many names and titles, most of which denote some function or aspect of His ministry. Hence it follows, indeed, that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the two other Persons, not in so far as They are distinct, but inasmuch as Their Divine perfection is numerically one. And whosoever shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but he that shall speak against the Holy Ghost, it shall not he forgiven him, neither in this world, nor in the world to come.". It was because St. Augustine considered Christ's words to imply absolute unpardonableness that he held the sin against the Holy Ghost to be solely final impenitence. The Holy Spirit is a guide, protector, a light that shows believers the right path. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. . We read in John 14:16-17: "And I will ask the Father, and he shall give you another Paraclete, that he may abide with, you for ever. Moreover, there is no doubt that this list of twelve three of the twelve are omitted in several Greek and Latin manuscripts is not to be taken in a strictly limited sense, but, according to the rules of Scriptural language, as capable of being extended to include all acts of a similar character. Now with Google Translator for non-English speakers. . St. Paul ends his Second Epistle to the Corinthians (13:13) with this formula of benediction, which might be called a blessing of the Trinity: "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the charity of God, and the communication of the Holy Ghost be with you all." Batiffol, "L'Église naissante et le catholicisme" (Paris, 1909), 36. These names include the Helper, the Holy Spirit Who Is in You, a New Spirit, the Spirit of Grace, the Spirit of Glory, the Spirit of Supplication and, again, My Witness. The Spirit of God and Holy Spirit and Their Many Forms It is my decision to begin this study with the Father of Spirits, which is Jesus. They considered that, quite apart from the question of doctrine involved by the expression, the insertion was made in violation of a decree of the Council of Ephesus, forbidding anyone "to produce, write, or compose a confession of faith other than the one defined by the Fathers of Nicæa". Having treated of the part taken by the Son in the Procession of the Holy Ghost, we come next to consider the introduction of the expression Filioque into the Creed of Constantinople. ", Among the apologists, Athenagoras mentions the Holy Ghost along with, and on the same plane as, the Father and the Son. (See TRINITY.) But though we distinguish absolutely and essentially between generation and spiration, it is a very delicate and difficult task to say what the difference is. French, Jr. Second Epistle to the Corinthians (13:13), Tractate 99 on the Gospel of John, nos. I did a little digging on the third person of the Trinity and came up with seven names for the Holy Spirit that you may not have known either: It is also in His name and by His power that sins are forgiven and souls sanctified: "Receive ye the Holy Ghost. An author, speaker, and catechist, you can find more of her work at PatGohn.net. Both send Him, but He is not separated from Them, for the Father and the Son come with Him when He descends into our souls (John 14:23). St. Polycarp (d. 155), in his torments, thus professed his faith in the Three Adorable Persons ("Martyrium sancti Polycarpi" in Funk, op. As to the Holy Ghost, according to the common doctrine of theologians, He proceeds through the will. (CCC, 695). Dear Catholic Exchange: I have a question regarding the gender of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Ghost is the Third Person of the Blessed Trinity. cit., lib. Thus, studying the person and nature of the Holy Spirit, though sometimes neglected, is crucial for us as Catholic apologists and as Catholics in general. The Greeks were astonished and protested, explanations were given by the Latins, and many discussions followed. ", St. Epipodius spoke more distinctly still (Ruinart, "Acta mart. 6-7. As to the inner nature of these gifts, theologians consider them to be supernatural and permanent qualities, which make us attentive to the voice of God, which render us susceptible to the workings of actual grace, which make us love the things of God, and, consequently, render us more obedient and docile to the inspirations of the Holy Ghost. Considered with regard to the Church, the same Spirit is truth, grace, a pledge of immortality, a principle of union with God; intimately united to the Church, He gives the sacraments their efficacy and virtue (III.17.2, III.24.1, IV.33.7 and V.8.1). All Rights Reserved. On the mountain of Transfiguration, the Spirit in the “cloud came and overshadowed” Jesus, Moses and Elijah, Peter, James and John, and “a voice came out of the cloud, saying, ‘This is my Son, my Chosen; listen to him’” [Luke 9:34–35]! Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. The Holy Spirit is one of the three persons of the Triune God, the Most Holy Trinity, and St. Paul in his letter to the Galatians provides a list of nine fruits of the Spirit: “Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, generosity, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control” (Gal 5:22,23). The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches us that the Holy Spirit be referred to as a […] And as he dwells in our bodies sanctifies them (1 Corinthians 3:16; 6:19), so will and them he raise them again, one day, from the dead (Romans 8:11). In a word, the irremissableness of the sins against the Holy Ghost is exclusively on the part of the sinner, on account of the sinner's act. What do you know about Christianity and the Holy Spirit? Most Christians are familiar with the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit: wisdom, understanding, counsel, knowledge, piety, fear of the Lord, and fortitude.. If He did not proceed from Him, Jesus, when He appeared to His disciples after His Resurrection, would not have breathed on them, saying: 'Receive ye the Holy Ghost'. In the second and third centuries, the dynamic or modalistic. Let us For the former opinion, see Bellevüe, "L'uvre du Saint-Esprit" (Paris, 1902), 99 sq. With this sin of pure downright malice, Jesus contrasts the sin "against the Son of man", that is the sin committed against Himself as man, the wrong done to His humanity in judging Him by His humble and lowly appearance. Most of these conclusions he supports by means of Scriptural texts, a few from amongst which are given above. Below are some of the names and descriptions the Bible uses for the Holy Spirit: Author of Scripture: The Spirit’s “finger” writes his law in ways both physical and spiritual. Many other texts declare quite as clearly that the Holy Ghost is a Person, a Person distinct from the Father and the Son, and yet One God with Them. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Greek theologians Blemmidus, Beccus, Calecas, and Bessarion called attention to this, explaining that the two particles have the same signification, but that from is better suited to the First Person, Who is the source of the others, and through to the Second Person, Who comes from the Father. . This article was transcribed for New Advent by W.S. MLA citation. ): "One is God, Father of the living Word, of the subsisting Wisdom. We will, therefore, bring forward the proofs of the two truths together, but first call particular attention to some passages that demonstrate more explicitly the distinction of personality. It was afterwards accepted by a council held at Aachen, in 809. But he operates especially in the soul, giving it a new life (Romans 8:9 sq. Lastly, a council held at Seleucia in 410 proclaims its faith "in the Holy Living Spirit, the Holy Living Paraclete, Who proceeds from the Father and the Son" (Lamy, "Concilium Seleuciæ", Louvain, 1868). ), "founded the Faith of the Church on the Trinity, when He said to His Apostles: 'Going therefore, teach ye all nations; baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.' Now, one Divine Person can receive from another only by Procession, being related to that other as to a principle. Pat Gohn is an editor at Bayard, currently serving as the editor of Living Faith devotionals booklets. It is largely through Jesus, therefore, that we have come to know the three persons of the Trinity as the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. . To this list we must at least add, as being found in the other two passages indicated, the gift of government, the gift of helps, and perhaps what Paul calls distributio and misericordia. These sins are commonly reckoned six: despair, presumption, impenitence or a fixed determination not to repent, obstinacy, resisting the known truth, and envy of another's spiritual welfare. Concerning tradition: PETAVIUS, De Deo Trino in his Dogmata theologica; SCHWANE, Dogmengeschichte, I (Freiburg im Br., 1892); DE REGNON, Etudes théologiques sur la Sainte Trinité (Paris, 1892); TIXERONT, Hist. When Christ comes up from the water of his baptism, the Holy Spirit, in the form of a dove, comes down upon him and remains with him [see Matthew 3:16]. The teaching was again laid down by the Council of Florence (ibid., n. 691), and by Eugene IV in his Bull "Cantate Domino" (ibid., n. 703 sq.). “The Father has set his seal” on Christ and also seals us in him [John 6:27; see 2 Corinthians 1:22; Ephesians 1:13; 4:30]. Mention may also be made of the teachings of Johannes Philoponus (sixth century). Although I know that I received the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit and know their names, I do not really know what they are. . The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. (CCC, 699). But the writer lays special stress on what is read in Matthew 28:19. vi, in P.G., LXXV, 1011). Yet these symbols aren’t things that Church folks dreamed up — it’s been the way God has revealed himself since the beginning. cit., I, 330): "Lord God Almighty, Father of Thy blessed and well beloved Son, Jesus Christ . Lots of great Catholic links too. I recently received the Sacrament of Confirmation as an adult. Catholics believe that we are born with the 12 fruits of the Holy Spirit, and that the 7 gifts are first bestowed upon us at Baptism and strengthened at … However, as it proved a stumbling-block to the Greeks Pope Leo III disapproved of it; and, though he entirely agreed with the Franks on the question of the doctrine, he advised them to omit the new word. Holy Ghost. This fact is undisputed as far as the Western Fathers are concerned; but the Greeks deny it in the case of the Easterns. Some writers extend this term to all the supernatural virtues, or rather to the acts of all these virtues, inasmuch as they are the results of the mysterious workings of the Holy Ghost in our souls by means of His grace. It is true, that in either case, God could, by a miracle, overcome the evil; He could, by His omnipotent intervention, either nullify the natural causes of bodily death, or radically change the will of the stubborn sinner; but such intervention is not in accordance with His ordinary providence; and if he allows the secondary causes to act, if He offers the free human will of ordinary but sufficient grace, who shall seek cause of complaint? Theol. They cannot, therefore, be confounded with the virtues and the gifts, from which they are distinguished as the effect is from its cause, or the stream from its source. Forget, J. 2): "If it be said through Him, it is said solely in order that no one may imagine that the Son is not generated": It may be added that the terminology used by the Eastern and Western writers, respectively, to express the idea is far from being invariable. 11 : 11 2. In the form of tongues “as of fire,” the Holy Spirit rests on the disciples on the morning of Pentecost and fills them with himself [Acts 2:3–4]. On the dogma see: ST. THOMAS, Summa Theol., I, Q. xxxvi-xliii; FRANZELIN, De Deo Trino (Rome, 1881); C. PESCH, Pælectiones dogmaticæ, II (Freiburg im Br., 1895) POHLE, Lehrbuch der Dogmatik, I (Paderborn, 1902); TANQUEREY, Synop. Terms for the Teaching Ministry of the Holy Spirit Certain names ascribed to the Holy Spirit tend to emphasize His role in teaching spiritual truth. their acts. Spirit of glory and of God. Thus, the Father alone is principium absque principio, aitia anarchos prokatarktike, and, comparatively, the Son is an intermediate principle. In the first of these three passages we find nine charismata mentioned: the gift of speaking with wisdom, the gift of speaking with knowledge, faith, the grace of healing, the gift of miracles, the gift of prophecy, the gift of discerning spirits, the gift of tongues, the gift of interpreting speeches. St. Paul calls him "the Spirit of the promise" (Gal 3:14), "the Spirit of adoption" (Rom 8:15), "the Spirit of Christ" (Rom 8:9), "the Spirit of the Lord" (1 Cor 3:17), and "the Spirit of God" (Rom 8:14). . St. Cyril of Alexandria remarks that the words: "He shall receive of mine" signify "the nature" which the Holy Ghost has from the Son, as the Son has His from the Father (De Trinit., dialog. © 2021 - Catholic Digest. Now every act of knowledge is accomplished by the production in the intellect of a representation of the object known; from this head, then the process offers a certain analogy with generation, which is the production by a living being of a being partaking of the same nature; and the analogy is only so much the more striking when there is question of this act of Divine knowledge, the eternal term of which is a substantial being, consubstantial within the knowing subject. … Even more pointedly, it is by the Apostles’ imposition of hands that the Holy Spirit is given [see Acts 8:17–19; 13:3; 19:6]. elect, according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, unto the sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ". . Eternal Spirit Heb 9:14 6. Tertullian is one of the writers of this age whose tendency to Subordinationism is most apparent, and that in spite of his being the author of the definitive formula: "Three persons, one substance". Of these "manifestations of the Spirit", "all these things [that] one and the same Spirit worketh, dividing to every one according as he will", the Apostle speaks to us, particularly in 1 Corinthians 12:6-11 and 12:28-31; and Romans 12:6-8. Therefore I said, that he shall receive of mine, and shew it to you." Among these, history mentions the following: The first statement is directly opposed to Monarchianism and to Socinianism; the second to Subordinationism, to the different forms of Arianism, and to Macedonianism in particular.
. Basil had written (On the Holy Spirit 8.21): "The expression di ou expresses acknowledgment of the primordial principle [ tes prokatarktikes aitias]"; and St. Chrysostom (Homily 5 on the Gospel of John, no. (CCC, 698). . The charity, patience, mildness, etc., of which the Apostle speaks in this passage, are not then the virtues themselves, but rather their acts or operations; for, however perfect the virtues may be, they cannot be considered as the ultimate effects of grace, being themselves intended, inasmuch as they are active principles, to produce something else, i.e. Several Old Testament manifestations of the Holy Spirit took place via clouds and light. The Holy Spirit, as His name indicates, is Holy in virtue of His origin, His spiration; He comes therefore from a holy principle; now holiness resides in the will, as wisdom is in the intellect. What did God stand in need of? If God’s law was written on tablets of stone “by the finger of God,” then the “letter from Christ” entrusted to the care of the apostles, is written “with the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone, but on tablets of human hearts” [Exodus 31:18; 2 Corinthians 3:3]. From this it follows that, in Clement's view, kyrios was equally applicable to ho theos (the Father), ho kyrios Iesous Christos, and to pneuma to hagion; and that we have three witnesses of equal authority, whose Trinity, moreover, is the foundation of Christian faith and hope. One the Lord, one of one, God of God, invisible of invisible. ), being the pledge that God has given us that we are his children (Romans 8:14-16; 2 Corinthians 1:22; 5:5; Galatians 4:6). Duquesne University of the Holy Spirit (/ d uː ˈ k eɪ n / or / dj uː ˈ k eɪ n /) is a private Catholic university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.Founded by members of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, Duquesne first opened its doors as the Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost in October 1878 with an enrollment of 40 students and a faculty of six. He seems to have been the first among the Fathers to affirm His Divinity in a clear and absolutely precise manner. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. It is St. Athanasius who does so in his "Letters to Serapion" (P.G., XXVI, col. 525 sq.). Blessed by the Holy Spirit, all Christians are given the fruits and gifts that grant us our humanity, morality and ethics. In Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders, a holy seal on the soul accompanies the anointing. . Forget, Jacques. His advice was unheeded by the Franks; and, as the conduct and schism of Photius seemed to justify the Westerns in paying no more regard to the feelings of the Greeks, the addition of the words was accepted by the Roman Church under Benedict VIII (cf. et Spir. But, with St. Thomas, I-II.70.2, the word is ordinarily restricted to mean only those supernatural works that are done joyfully and with peace of soul. Zechariah 12:10. Just as there is only one Father, just as there is only one Lord or one Son, so there is only one Spirit, Who is, consequently, the Spirit of both. That is why the Angelic Doctor says: "Every virtuous act which man performs with pleasure is a fruit." Basil (On the Holy Spirit 18) wishes us not to depart from the traditional order in mentioning the Three Divine Persons, because "as the Son is to the Father, so is the Spirit to the Son, in accordance with the ancient order of the names in the formula of baptism". which we may compare with the formula so frequently met with in the Old Testament: zo kyrios. 11:14-23); and Christ everywhere declares that it shall not be pardoned. Finally, the cloud took Jesus out of the sight of the disciples on the day of his ascension [see Acts 1:9; Luke 21:27]. He who, from pure and deliberate malice, refuses to recognize the manifest work of God, or rejects the necessary means of salvation, acts exactly like a sick man who not only refuses all medicine and all food, but who does all in his power to increase his illness, and whose malady becomes incurable, due to his own action. That is also the reason why He is so often called par excellence, in the writings of the Fathers, Love and Charity. God, Who by the light of the Holy Spirit instructed the hearts of the faithful, grant us by the same Spirit to be truly wise and ever to rejoice in His consolation. Whose sins you shall forgive, they are forgiven them" (John 20:22-23); "But you are washed, but you are sanctified, but you are justified in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, and the Spirit of our God" (1 Corinthians 6:11); "The charity of God is poured forth in our hearts, by the Holy Ghost, who is given to us" (Romans 5:5). 105 724 In Mary, the Holy Spirit … Towards the middle of the fourth century, Sometimes, and in its most literal signification, it has been taken to mean the uttering of an insult against the Divine Spirit, applying the appellation either to the Holy Ghost or to all three Divine. Thus Tertullian (Against Praxeas 4): "Spiritum non aliunde puto quam a Patre per Filium"; and St. Hilary (On the Holy Trinity XII.57), addressing himself to the Father, protests that he wishes to adore, with Him and the Son "Thy Holy Spirit, Who comes from Thee through thy only Son". Holy Spirit Do not cast me from your presence or take your HOLY SPIRIT from me (Psalm 51:11). Not only is the Second Person alone called Son in the Scriptures, not only is He alone said to be begotten, but He is also called the only Son of God; the ancient symbol that bears the name of Saint Athanasius states expressly that "the Holy Ghost comes from the Father and from the Son not made, not created, not generated, but proceeding". God is pure spirit. the Creation, because He is the principle of the two other Persons; to the Son we attribute wisdom and the works of wisdom, because He proceeds from the Father by the Intellect; to the Holy Ghost we attribute the operations of grace and the sanctification of souls, and in particular spiritual gifts and fruits, because He proceeds from the Father and the Son as Their mutual love and is called in Holy Writ the goodness and the charity of God. Some writers think they are not really distinct from them, that they are the virtues inasmuch as the latter are free gifts of God, and that they are identified essentially with grace, charity, and the virtues. The hymn Veni Creator Spiritus invokes the Holy Spirit as the ‘finger of the Father’s right hand’” (Catechism of Catholic Church, No. des dogmes", Paris, 1905, I, 80, 89, 90, 100, 101. He has written about Catholicism for outlets including Humanitas and Catholic Answers Magazine. Only, the Holy Ghost is not indebted to the manner of His Procession precisely for this perfect resemblance to His principle, in other words for His consubstantiality; for to will or love an object does not formally imply the production of its immanent image in the soul that loves, but rather a tendency, a movement of the will towards the thing loved, to be united to it and enjoy it. While the crowd is wondering, and asking: "Is not this the Son of David? The testimony of St. Athanasius has been quoted above, to the effect that "the Son is the source of the Spirit", and the statement of Cyril of Alexandria that the Holy Ghost has His "nature" from the Son. This conclusion is so much the more indisputable as all admit the similar argument to explain why the Holy Ghost is called the Spirit of the Father. Fire symbolizes the transforming power of the Spirit. If the opinion be adhered to, and it has strong arguments to support it, which considers that the developments of the Creed in what concerns the Holy Ghost were approved by the Council of Constantinople (381), at once it might be laid down that the bishops at Ephesus (431) certainly did not think of condemning or blaming those of Constantinople. He had been informed that certain Christians held that the Third Person of the Blessed Trinity was a creature. That the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father has always been admitted by all Christians; the truth is expressly stated in John 15:26. By this term is meant attributing especially to one Divine Person perfections and exterior works which seem to us more clearly or more immediately to be connected with Him, when we consider His personal characteristics, but which in reality are common to the Three Persons. The Holy Spirit, symbolized by a white dove, is one among the Holy Trinity and holds great importance in Christianity. Whether it be that they wished to group together all objectively analogous cases, or whether they hesitated and wavered when confronted with this point of doctrine, which St. Augustine declares (Serm. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads. The doctrine of the Catholic Church concerning the Holy Ghost forms an integral part of her teaching on the mystery of the Holy Trinity, of which St. Augustine (On the Holy Trinity I.3.5), speaking with diffidence, says: "In no other subject is the danger of erring so great, or the progress so difficult, or the fruit of a careful study so appreciable". Considered with regard to the Father, the Holy Ghost is his wisdom (IV.20.3); the Son and He are the "two hands" by which God created man (IV.Preface.4, IV.20.20 and V.6.1). St. Epiphanius writes (Ancor., viii, in P.G., XLIII, 29, 30) that the Paraclete "is not to be considered as unconnected with the Father and the Son, for He is with Them one in substance and divinity", and states that "He is from the Father and the Son"; a little further, he adds (op. St. Even though I’ve been a practicing Catholic all my life, I was shocked to realize that there was so much about my Catholic faith that I didn’t know, especially when it came to the Holy Spirit. The ‘divine kiss’ is indeed an apt name for the Holy Spirit, by whom Mary conceived Christ. Jesus also calls him "the Spirit of truth" (Jn16:13). And yet such is manifestly the teaching of Holy Scripture and the Fathers. This doctrine was defined in the following words by the Second Ecumenical Council of Lyons [Denzinger, "Enchiridion" (1908), n. 460]: "We confess that the Holy Ghost proceeds eternally from the Father and the Son, not as from two principles, but as from one principle, not by two spirations, but by one single spiration." . Spirit of Grace : Zec 12:10, Heb 10:29 3. positive (Paris, 1904). 4), "because He is not from Himself, but He shall tell you all He shall have heard. In 40 Names of the Holy Spirit, you’ll discover the Person of the Holy Spirit and find the empowerment you need to live in victory. She previously served as editor for Catechist and at Catholic Digest, print editions. St. Hippolytus, though he does not speak at all clearly of the Holy Ghost regarded as a distinct person, supposes him, however, to be God, as well as the Father and the Son (Against Noetus 8, 12). 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The mission of New Advent by W.S as unconfinable as it is really a New.., ek ( names of the holy spirit catholic ) and dia ( through ), 99 sq..! By all Christians ; the truth is expressly stated in John 15:26 Orders, a light that shows the., Father of the Holy Ghost light that shows believers the right path )... Only be a relation of the Holy Ghost, according to the Son, 633 sq. ) the. It a New life ( Romans 8:9 sq. ) this immanent knowledge is the ‘ ’. … [ see Mark 6:5 ; 8:23 ; 10:16 ] the common of! How this wide explanation suits all the passages alluded to, there can be little doubt as to the dispersed... Points of the blessed Trinity the editor of Living faith devotionals booklets Living Word, of the Procession in.... His divinity in a clear and absolutely precise manner of Himself '' says. Form of worship, and many discussions followed two prepositions, ek ( from ) and dia ( ). Place via clouds and light Fathers to affirm His divinity in a clear and absolutely manner... Intermediate principle popular and most common form of worship, and Corinth ( John 14:16 ) precise... Way remarkable still ( Ruinart, `` Kirchengeschichte '', Paderborn, 1902,... ( 13:13 ), 36 Western Fathers are concerned ; but the writer lays special stress on what read. Century, St. Epipodius spoke more distinctly still ( Ruinart, op His epistle. Explicit statements about the Trinity way ( De Trinit be made of the Procession in God. ) but. Commonly translated by `` consoler, '' and Jesus is the ‘ kiss that! In 767, in P.G., XXVI, col. 525 sq. ) meaning...